CONJUNCTIVITIES

Here are some common symptoms of conjunctivitis, also known as "pink eye":

• Burning Sensation: Many people with conjunctivitis experience a burning or stinging sensation in the affected eye(s). This discomfort can vary in intensity and may be more pronounced during certain activities, such as blinking or exposure to light.

• Excessive Tearing: Conjunctivitis often leads to increased tearing or watery eyes. This can result from irritation of the conjunctiva, which triggers a reflex to produce more tears as a protective response.

• Mucus or Pus Discharge: Depending on the type and severity of conjunctivitis, you may notice a discharge from the affected eye(s). This discharge can range from clear and watery to thick and yellow or green. It may crust over and cause your eyelids to stick together, especially upon waking in the morning.

• Itchiness: Itchiness of the eye(s) is a common symptom of conjunctivitis, particularly in cases of allergic conjunctivitis. The urge to rub the eyes can worsen the condition and potentially spread the infection if it's infectious conjunctivitis.

• Swelling of the Eyelid: In some cases, conjunctivitis can cause swelling or puffiness of the eyelid(s). This can be due to inflammation and the body's response to the condition.

• Redness: One of the hallmark signs of conjunctivitis is redness in the white part (sclera) of the affected eye(s). This redness is typically diffuse and can range from mild to more pronounced, depending on the severity of the condition.

• Scabs on Eyelids and Eyelashes: In cases of bacterial or viral conjunctivitis, dried discharge can lead to the formation of scabs on the eyelids and eyelashes. These scabs may be noticeable upon waking in the morning and can cause discomfort when trying to open the eyes. 

• Blurry Vision: In some instances, conjunctivitis may cause temporary blurry or hazy vision, primarily due to excessive tearing, discharge, or swelling of the eye tissues.

• Sensitivity to Light: Increased sensitivity to light, known as photophobia, can occur in some individuals with conjunctivitis. Bright lights may exacerbate eye discomfort and irritation.

Main types of conjunctivitis: 

• Viral Conjunctivitis: This type is caused by viruses, most commonly adenoviruses. It typically starts in one eye and can spread to the other. Symptoms include redness, watery discharge, and discomfort. Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and can be associated with cold or flu symptoms.

• Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Caused by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae, bacterial conjunctivitis results in redness, a thick yellow or green discharge, and a gritty feeling in the eyes. It is also contagious and can spread through direct contact.

• Allergic Conjunctivitis: Triggered by allergens like pollen, dust mites, or pet dander, this type causes itching, redness, tearing, and swelling of the conjunctiva. Both eyes are usually affected, and symptoms may be accompanied by other allergic reactions like sneezing and a runny nose.

• Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC): Common among contact lens wearers, GPC is an allergic reaction to proteins on the lens surface or inadequate lens cleaning. It leads to itching, discomfort, and the formation of large bumps (papillae) on the inner surface of the eyelids.

• Chemical Conjunctivitis: Exposure to irritants like smoke, pollutants, chlorine, or harsh chemicals can lead to chemical conjunctivitis. Symptoms include redness, tearing, and a burning sensation. Promptly rinsing the eyes with water can help reduce the irritation.

• Neonatal Conjunctivitis: Also known as ophthalmia neonatorum, this occurs in new-borns and is usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection acquired during childbirth. It requires immediate medical attention to prevent potential vision damage.

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as "pink eye," can have various causes, and the appropriate treatment depends on the underlying factor. Here are some common causes of conjunctivitis:

• Viral Infection: Viruses, such as the adenovirus, are a frequent cause of viral conjunctivitis. It can spread through contact with respiratory droplets from an infected person, touching contaminated surfaces, or from an upper respiratory infection. Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious.

• Bacterial Infection: Bacterial conjunctivitis is often caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae. It can result from direct contact with contaminated hands, towels, or other items. Bacterial conjunctivitis is also contagious and can spread easily.

• Allergies: Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when the eyes react to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, smoke, or certain chemicals. This type of conjunctivitis is not contagious and typically affects both eyes simultaneously.

• Irritants: Exposure to irritants like smoke, dust, chemicals, fumes, or pollution can lead to irritant conjunctivitis. This form of conjunctivitis is non-infectious and results from direct irritation to the eyes.

• Contact Lenses: Wearing contact lenses improperly, failing to clean them adequately, or using contaminated lens solutions can increase the risk of developing contact lens-related conjunctivitis.

• Foreign Bodies: Particles or foreign bodies that enter the eye can cause mechanical irritation and lead to conjunctivitis. This type is also non-infectious.

• Autoimmune Conditions: In some cases, autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus can cause a form of conjunctivitis as part of their overall symptom profile.

• Chemical Exposure: Exposure to harsh chemicals or irritants can result in chemical conjunctivitis. This typically occurs due to accidents or improper handling of chemicals.

Medical treatment for conjunctivitis (pink eye) can vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Here are some common medical options:

• Ophthalmic Antibiotics: If the conjunctivitis is bacterial, your healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointments. These medications help clear the infection and reduce symptoms. It's essential to follow the prescribed dosage and finish the entire course of treatment.

• Anti-Inflammatory Drops: In cases of allergic conjunctivitis, anti-inflammatory eye drops, such as corticosteroids, may be recommended to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms like redness and itching.

• Antihistamine Drops: Allergic conjunctivitis can also be treated with antihistamine eye drops. These drops help block the action of histamines, which are chemicals released during an allergic reaction and can cause itching and redness.

• Decongestants: Decongestant eye drops can provide relief from eye redness and swelling caused by conjunctivitis. They work by narrowing blood vessels in the eye. However, these should be used sparingly and for a short duration, as overuse can lead to "rebound" redness.

• Steroids: Steroid eye drops or ointments may be prescribed for severe cases of inflammation associated with certain types of conjunctivitis. These medications should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional due to potential side effects with prolonged use.

• Artificial Tears: Artificial tear eye drops can help alleviate dryness and discomfort associated with viral and allergic conjunctivitis. These drops can be used to rinse the eyes and provide additional moisture.

Follow your healthcare provider's recommendations regarding the type of medication and the prescribed dosage. Take these precautions during conjunctivitis treatment:

Wash your hands frequently and avoid touching your eyes.

Avoid wearing contact lenses until your symptoms have completely resolved.

Dispose of used tissues or cotton balls properly to prevent the spread of infection.

If you experience worsening symptoms or new symptoms during treatment, contact your healthcare provider promptly.

Some natural approaches to consider for managing conjunctivitis (pink eye):

• Warm or Cold Compresses: Applying a warm or cold compress over the closed eyelids can help alleviate discomfort and reduce swelling. Use a clean cloth soaked in lukewarm or cold water and gently place it over the eyes for a few minutes. You can alternate between warm and cold compresses based on your comfort.

• Discontinue Contact Lenses: If you wear contact lenses, consider switching to eyeglasses until the conjunctivitis clears up. Contact lenses can trap irritants and prolong the healing process.

• Over-the-Counter Artificial Tears: Lubricating eye drops, also known as artificial tears, can help soothe dryness, redness, and irritation. These drops can also flush out irritants and allergens from the eyes. Ensure you choose preservative-free artificial tears if you plan to use them frequently.

• Saline Solution: A saline solution (a mixture of salt and distilled water) can be used to rinse the eyes gently. It can help remove discharge and relieve discomfort. Use an eye cup or a clean dropper to apply the solution to the eyes.

• Avoid Touching Eyes: Refrain from touching or rubbing your eyes to prevent the spread of infection or further irritation. Frequent handwashing is essential, especially before and after applying any eye drops or treatments.

• Allergen Avoidance: If your conjunctivitis is due to allergies, identify and minimise exposure to allergens that trigger your symptoms. Common allergens include pollen, pet dander, dust mites, and certain foods.

• Tea Bags or Cucumber Slices: Chilled tea bags (black or green tea) or cucumber slices can be placed on closed eyelids for a few minutes. The natural properties in tea and cucumber may help reduce swelling and provide relief.

• Hydrate and Maintain a Balanced Diet: Staying well-hydrated and consuming a diet rich in vitamins and antioxidants can support overall eye health. Adequate hydration promotes tear production.