HAEMORRHOIDS

Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, can manifest with various
symptoms. Here are some common symptoms associated with haemorrhoids:

• Rectal Bleeding: This is one of the hallmark symptoms of haemorrhoids. You may notice bright red blood on toilet paper, in the toilet bowl, or streaks of blood on stool.

• Itching (Pruritus Ani): Haemorrhoids can cause irritation and itching in the anal area, which can be quite uncomfortable.

• Pain and Discomfort: When haemorrhoids become inflamed or thrombosed (filled with blood clots), they can cause pain and discomfort, especially during bowel movements or when sitting for extended periods.

• Prolapse: Haemorrhoids may protrude or prolapse outside the anus, particularly during bowel movements. They can often be pushed back inside manually or may retract on their own.

• Discharge: Some individuals with haemorrhoids may experience mucus discharge from the rectum.

• Swelling and Lumps: Haemorrhoids can cause swelling in the anal area and may lead to the formation of small, hard lumps around the
  anus.

Haemorrhoids are characterised by their specific characteristics and appearance:

• Thrombosed Haemorrhoids: This type of haemorrhoid occurs when a blood clot forms within an external haemorrhoid, causing it to become painful and swollen.

• Prolapsed Haemorrhoids: Haemorrhoids that protrude from the anus and do not retract on their own are referred to as prolapsed haemorrhoids.

• Bleeding Haemorrhoids: Haemorrhoids that bleed during or after bowel movements can be referred to as bleeding haemorrhoids.

• Non-Bleeding Haemorrhoids: Some haemorrhoids may be internal or external but do not bleed, causing mainly pain or discomfort.

The exact cause of haemorrhoids is not always clear, but several factors can contribute to their development. Some common causes and risk factors for haemorrhoids include:

• Chronic Constipation: Straining during bowel movements due to chronic constipation can increase pressure in the rectal veins, contributing to the development of haemorrhoids.

• Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and the pressure exerted by the growing uterus can lead to the development or worsening of haemorrhoids during pregnancy.

• Obesity: Excess body weight can put additional pressure on the rectal and anal veins, increasing the risk of haemorrhoids.

• Old Age: The risk of developing haemorrhoids tends to increase with age, especially after the age of 50.

• Heavy Lifting: Frequent heavy lifting or lifting objects improperly can strain the lower rectal veins and contribute to haemorrhoid formation.

• Low Fibre Diet: A diet lacking in fibre can result in constipation, which, as mentioned earlier, is a common risk factor for haemorrhoids.

• Chronic Liver Disease: Liver diseases like cirrhosis can cause increased pressure in the portal vein, leading to the development of haemorrhoids (known as portal hypertension).

• Anal Intercourse: Engaging in anal intercourse without proper lubrication and care can cause irritation and damage to the anal and rectal tissues, potentially leading to haemorrhoids.

Treatment options for haemorrhoids may vary depending on the severity of symptoms and the type of haemorrhoids. Here are some medical treatments commonly used:

• Topical Treatments: Over-the-counter or prescription creams, ointments, or suppositories containing ingredients like hydrocortisone or witch hazel can help reduce itching, inflammation, and discomfort associated with haemorrhoids. Rectogesic ointment is one such option.

• Anti-Inflammatory Medications: Non prescription nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, may be recommended to help relieve pain and inflammation.

• Analgesics: Pain relievers, like acetaminophen, can help manage pain and discomfort.

• Sclerotherapy: A procedure in which a chemical solution is injected into the blood vessels around the haemorrhoid, causing them to shrink and the haemorrhoid to eventually wither away.

• Rubber Band Ligation: This procedure involves placing
  a small rubber band around the base of the haemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply, causing it to shrink and fall off within a few days.

• Haemorrhoidectomy: Surgical removal of haemorrhoids, typically used for severe or prolapsed haemorrhoids. It may be done using traditional surgery or more modern techniques like stapled hemorrhoidopexy.

• Coagulation Techniques: Various methods, such as infrared coagulation (IRC) or laser therapy, can be used to shrink or remove haemorrhoids by cauterising the blood vessels feeding them.

• Hemorrhoidal Artery Ligation (HAL) and Transanal Hemorrhoidal Dearterialization (THD): These minimally invasive procedures involve tying off the arteries supplying blood to the haemorrhoids, leading to their shrinkage.

• Stool Softeners and Dietary Changes: In milder cases,
  healthcare providers may recommend stool softeners or dietary modifications, such as a high-fibre diet and increased water intake, to prevent straining during bowel movements and reduce the risk of exacerbating haemorrhoids.

Natural treatment options can be helpful in managing haemorrhoid symptoms and preventing flare-ups. Here are some additional natural approaches to consider:

• Warm Sitz Baths: Soaking in a warm bath (Sitz bath) with Epsom salts for 15-20 minutes several times a day can help soothe the anal area and reduce discomfort.

• Stool Softeners: Stool softeners or fibre supplements can help keep stools soft, making bowel movements less straining and reducing the risk of aggravating haemorrhoids.

• Hydration: Staying well hydrated by drinking plenty
  of water is essential to prevent constipation and maintain soft stools.

• High-Fibre Diet: Increasing your dietary fibre intake from sources like whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes can promote regular bowel movements and reduce the risk of haemorrhoids.

• Witch Hazel: Witch hazel, available in various forms
  (e.g., wipes, pads, or liquid), has anti-inflammatory properties and can provide relief when applied topically to the affected area.

• Aloe Vera: Aloe vera gel, when applied externally, can help soothe the irritation and discomfort associated with haemorrhoids.

• Coconut Oil: Applying a small amount of coconut oil to the affected area may help reduce itching and inflammation.

• Bioflavonoids: Citrus bioflavonoids, available in
  supplement form, may help strengthen blood vessels and reduce inflammation.

• Regular Exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity can promote healthy bowel function and overall well-being.

• Probiotics: Consuming foods rich in probiotics or taking probiotic supplements may help maintain gut health, which can indirectly impact digestive regularity.

• Avoid Straining: Be mindful not to strain during bowel movements. Take your time and allow stools to pass naturally.

• Loose-Fitting Clothing: Wearing loose-fitting, breathable cotton underwear can reduce friction and discomfort in the anal area.