According to the following study carried out in 1998, it affirms how coal or carbon is one of the most important elements, it exists in quantity and has the ability to form other substances. In addition, it is a developer of prebiotic molecules. 

There are several types of cosmic carbon, such as: carbon atoms, carbon-bearing molecules, complex solid-state carbonaceous structures, and more. 

Carbon is one of the most abundant elements on Earth and is found naturally in various forms and in numerous locations. Here are some common natural sources of carbon:

• Carbon in the Earth's Crust: Carbon is present in the Earth's crust in the form of minerals, such as calcite (calcium carbonate), dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate), and graphite. These minerals contain carbon atoms as a fundamental component.

• Fossil Fuels: The majority of carbon on Earth is stored in fossil fuels, including coal, oil, and natural gas. These fuels are derived from the remains of ancient plants and organisms that were buried and subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years.

• Biomass: Living organisms, including plants and animals, contain carbon as a fundamental element. Carbon is a key component of organic molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which make up all living matter.

• Soil and Organic Matter: Carbon is present in soil in the form of organic matter. Decomposing plant and animal materials contribute to the carbon content of soils, which plays a crucial role in soil fertility and nutrient cycling.

• Atmosphere: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a naturally occurring gas in the Earth's atmosphere. It is essential for photosynthesis in plants and is released into the atmosphere through respiration and combustion processes.

• Diamonds: Diamonds, composed of pure carbon atoms arranged in a crystal lattice, are found naturally deep within the Earth's mantle. They are brought to the surface through volcanic eruptions.

• Graphite: Graphite is another allotrope of carbon and is found naturally in rocks and minerals. It is often used as a lubricant and in pencil "leads."

• Peat Bogs: Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed organic matter, mainly consisting of plant material, in waterlogged environments. It contains a significant amount of carbon.

• Marine Organisms: Carbon is found in the shells of marine organisms like corals, mollusks, and foraminifera, which build calcium carbonate structures.

• Natural Gas Hydrates: Methane hydrates, also known as natural gas hydrates, are solid compounds containing methane (a carbon-containing compound) trapped in water ice. They are found in permafrost regions and deep-sea sediments.

• Volcanic Emissions: Carbon dioxide and other carbon-containing compounds are released into the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions.

• Carbonates in Rocks: Carbonates, such as limestone, chalk, and marble, contain carbon atoms as a significant component and are commonly found in sedimentary rocks.

These are just a few examples of where carbon is naturally found on Earth. Carbon is a fundamental element of life and the basis for organic chemistry, making it an essential element for the planet's ecosystems and the living organisms that inhabit it.

Carbon itself, in its pure elemental form, is not typically used as a medical treatment. However, various carbon-based compounds and materials have important medical applications. Here are some medical applications of carbon-based materials:

• Activated Carbon: Activated carbon, also known as activated charcoal, is widely used in medicine to treat certain types of poisoning and drug overdoses. It works by adsorbing toxins and chemicals in the digestive tract, preventing them from being absorbed into the bloodstream. Activated carbon is administered orally as a slurry or through a nasogastric tube.

• Carbon Nanotubes: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanoscale carbon structures with unique properties. They have been studied for their potential applications in drug delivery systems. CNTs can be functionalized and loaded with therapeutic agents to target specific cells or tissues in the body.

• Carbon-Based Imaging Agents: Carbon-based nanoparticles, such as carbon dots, have been investigated for their use as contrast agents in medical imaging techniques like fluorescence imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They can be used to visualise specific biological structures and processes.

• Carbon Fibre: Carbon fibre-reinforced composites are used in the manufacturing of medical devices and implants, including orthopaedic implants, prosthetic limbs, and dental implants. Carbon fibre's high strength-to-weight ratio and biocompatibility make it suitable for these applications.

• Carbon Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Carbon nanoparticles, such as carbon nanodots and graphene oxide, have shown promise in cancer therapy. They can be used for drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy to target and treat cancer cells while minimising damage to healthy tissue.

• Carbon-Based Electrodes: Carbon-based materials, including carbon nanotubes and graphene, are used as components in electrodes for various medical devices, such as electrocardiography (ECG) electrodes, electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes, and biosensors for detecting biomarkers in blood or other bodily fluids.

• Carbon in Dental Applications: Activated carbon is used in dentistry for teeth whitening and oral detoxification. It is found in certain toothpaste and oral hygiene products.

• Carbon for Wound Dressings: Activated carbon can be incorporated into wound dressings to help manage odors in wounds and promote healing.

• Carbon in Inhalation Therapy: Activated carbon can be used in respiratory masks and filters to remove particulate matter and odors from the air being breathed, making it useful for individuals with respiratory conditions.

Activated charcoal, also known as activated carbon, is used in certain medical applications, particularly in cases of poisoning or drug overdose. It works by adsorbing toxins and chemicals in the digestive tract, preventing their absorption into the bloodstream. Here are some medications:

• Calcium Channel Blockers: Activated charcoal may be administered in cases of calcium channel blocker overdose, which can lead to cardiovascular issues. It can help reduce the absorption of the drug.

• Carbamazepine (Tegretol): Activated charcoal may be used in cases of carbamazepine overdose, which can cause neurological symptoms. It can help mitigate the effects of the overdose.

• Dapsone: Activated charcoal can be used in cases of dapsone overdose, an antibiotic that can cause adverse reactions. It helps reduce drug absorption and toxicity.

• Malaria Drugs: Some antimalarial drugs can be toxic in overdose situations. Activated charcoal may be administered to limit the absorption of the drug.

• Methylxanthines (Mild Stimulants): Methylxanthines like caffeine and theophylline can be found in certain medications. In cases of overdose, activated charcoal may be used to reduce their absorption.

• NSAIDs and Other Over-the-Counter Anti-inflammatories: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause gastrointestinal irritation. Activated charcoal may be considered if there is concern about excessive NSAID ingestion.

• Sedatives: In cases of overdose involving sedative medications, activated charcoal may be used as part of the treatment plan to limit drug absorption and toxicity.