PRENATAL PROBLEMS

Factors that can increase the risk during pregnancy:

• Urinary Infections: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) should be promptly treated during pregnancy to prevent complications that could harm both the mother and the baby. UTIs can lead to preterm labour and other issues.

• Pre-existing Medical Conditions: Women with pre-existing medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, or autoimmune disorders should receive specialised prenatal care to manage and control these conditions during pregnancy.

• Toxoplasmosis Parasite: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection that can be contracted from undercooked meat, soil, or contact with infected cat faeces. Pregnant women are advised to take precautions to avoid exposure to this parasite, as it can cause birth defects if contracted during pregnancy.

• Mental Health: Maintaining emotional well-being is crucial during pregnancy, as stress and mental health issues can affect both the mother and the developing foetus. Seeking support and counselling when needed is important.

• Environmental Exposures: Avoiding exposure to harmful environmental factors, such as toxic chemicals, radiation, or certain medications, is essential to protect the health of the developing baby.

Problems that can occur before delivery:

• Early Labour: Preterm labour occurs when contractions and cervical changes start before 37 weeks of gestation. Early labour can lead to preterm birth, which may result in health complications for the newborn.

• Rupture of Membranes (Water Breaking): When the amniotic sac ruptures before the onset of labour, it's known as "water breaking." This can lead to preterm birth and requires medical attention.

• Problems with the Placenta: Complications involving the placenta, such as placenta previa or placental abruption, can pose serious risks to both the mother and the baby and require immediate medical attention.

• Heart Rhythm Problems: Foetal heart rhythm abnormalities may be detected during prenatal monitoring and may require further evaluation or intervention.

• Foetal Growth Restriction: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurs when the baby's growth is slower than expected. This condition may have various causes and requires close monitoring.

• Miscarriage: Spontaneous abortion or miscarriage is the loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation. Many factors can contribute to miscarriage, and it can be emotionally challenging for expectant parents.

• Preeclampsia: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition characterised by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. It can have serious consequences and requires careful monitoring and medical management.

• Morning Sickness: Morning sickness, including nausea and vomiting, is a common pregnancy symptom. In severe cases, it can lead to dehydration and weight loss, requiring medical attention.

• Neural Tube Defects: Neural tube defects are birth defects that affect the development of the baby's brain and spinal cord. Folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy can reduce the risk of these defects.

• Gestational Diabetes: Some women develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy, which can affect both maternal and foetal health. Dietary management and sometimes medication are used to control blood sugar levels.

• Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: Elevated blood pressure during pregnancy can lead to complications for both the mother and the baby. It needs careful monitoring and management.

Here's information about the medical treatments:

• Tocolytics: Tocolytics are medications used to inhibit or slow down contractions of the uterus during preterm labour. They are prescribed to delay labour and give the developing foetus more time to mature and improve its chances of survival.

• Common tocolytics include drugs like terbutaline, nifedipine, and magnesium sulfate. These medications work by relaxing the uterine muscles temporarily.

• Tocolytics are typically administered in a hospital setting under close medical supervision due to potential side effects and the need for continuous monitoring.

• Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids, such as betamethasone or dexamethasone, may be prescribed to pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery. These medications help accelerate the development of the baby's lungs and reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) if the baby is born prematurely.

• Corticosteroids are often given as one or two doses via injections, and the treatment is usually reserved for pregnancies at a high risk of preterm birth.

• Antibiotics: Antibiotics are used to treat infections that may be present during pregnancy. Infections can contribute to complications, including preterm labour.

• The choice of antibiotic depends on the type of infection and its severity. Common antibiotics used during pregnancy include amoxicillin, cephalosporins, and erythromycin, among others.

To prepare the body for pregnancy: 

• Manage Stress Levels: Prioritise stress management techniques to create a calm and relaxed environment for conception.

• Well-Balanced Diet: Focus on a nutritious diet rich in whole foods to support overall health and fertility.

• Increase Sleep if Possible: Aim for adequate, quality sleep to regulate hormones and enhance fertility.

• Regular Exercise: Engage in moderate-intensity exercise to maintain a healthy weight and promote fertility.

• Rest: Prioritise rest and relaxation to prepare your body for pregnancy.

• Avoid Harmful Substances: Steer clear of harmful substances and toxins that can impact fertility and pregnancy.

• Prenatal Vitamins: Consider taking prenatal vitamins to ensure adequate nutrient intake, including essential nutrients like folic acid.

• Reduce Caffeine Intake: Limit caffeine consumption or opt for decaffeinated options if needed.

• Stop Smoking: Quit smoking to improve fertility and reduce pregnancy-related risks.